{"id":237613,"date":"2021-05-06T14:12:25","date_gmt":"2021-05-06T12:12:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pronea.sk\/?p=237613"},"modified":"2024-11-16T17:03:50","modified_gmt":"2024-11-16T16:03:50","slug":"ako-zapojit-do-vyucovania-styri-k","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pronea.sk\/en\/2021\/05\/06\/ako-zapojit-do-vyucovania-styri-k\/","title":{"rendered":"How to involve the \"four K\" in teaching?"},"content":{"rendered":"

V pr\u00fade sveta, v\u00a0ktorom sa na n\u00e1s val\u00ed ve\u013ea r\u00f4znorod\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed sa \u010dasto c\u00edtime pod tlakom. \u013dahko by sa mohlo sta\u0165, \u017ee zabudneme na skuto\u010dn\u00fd zmysel vzdel\u00e1vania. Ke\u010f precitneme, v\u017edy si uvedom\u00edme, \u017ee dobr\u00e9 vzdel\u00e1vanie je v\u00a0prvom rade o\u00a0tom, aby sme \u0161tudentov pripravili na ka\u017edodenn\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p>\n

Ak chceme pripravi\u0165 \u0161tudentov na \u017eivot v\u00a021.storo\u010d\u00ed, potrebujeme im odovzda\u0165 zru\u010dnosti pre modern\u00fd svet. Pod\u013ea najnov\u0161\u00edch poznatkov existuj\u00fa \u0161tyri hlavn\u00e9 m\u00e4kk\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pre \u00faspech v\u00a0novom svete, v\u00a0\u0161kole, aj na pracovisku. Ozna\u010duj\u00fa sa aj ako \u201e\u0161tyri K\u201c (z anglick\u00e9ho four Cs).<\/p>\n

Zauj\u00edma v\u00e1s, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa to a\u00a0ako ich m\u00f4\u017eete vo svojich triedach podporova\u0165?<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Kritick\u00e9 myslenie<\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u2013 zru\u010dnos\u0165 rie\u0161enia probl\u00e9mov a h\u013eadania pravdy<\/p>\n

    Kritick\u00e9 myslenie je ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 zru\u010dnos\u0165 v\u00a021. storo\u010d\u00ed, preto\u017ee pr\u00edchodom internetu je ove\u013ea n\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161ie overi\u0165 si spr\u00e1vnos\u0165 inform\u00e1ci\u00ed. Kritick\u00e9 myslenie si vy\u017eaduje ist\u00fa d\u00e1vku skepticizmu, podporuje u\u00a0\u0161tudentov objavova\u0165 pravdiv\u00e9 tvrdenia a oddeli\u0165 fakty od n\u00e1zorov. S\u00a0kritick\u00fdm myslen\u00edm sa \u0161tudenti neu\u010dia iba overi\u0165 si fakty, ale u\u010dia sa p\u00fdta\u0165 spr\u00e1vne ot\u00e1zky a\u00a0t\u00fdm sa st\u00e1vaj\u00fa anga\u017eovan\u00fdmi vo svete, v\u00a0ktorom \u017eij\u00fa. \u0160tudenti, ktor\u00ed kriticky myslia taktie\u017e pom\u00e1haj\u00fa myslie\u0165 kriticky ostatn\u00fdm, s\u00a0ktor\u00fdmi sa stret\u00e1vaj\u00fa. Ke\u010f si ho raz \u0161tudenti osvoja, \u0161\u00edria ho medzi svojich vrstovn\u00edkov. Vo svojej ka\u017edodennosti si \u010dasto klad\u00fa ot\u00e1zku \u201epre\u010do?\u201c T\u00e1to zru\u010dnos\u0165 ich pripravuje na to, aby \u017eili nez\u00e1visl\u00fd a\u00a0zmyslupln\u00fd \u017eivot. Kritick\u00e9 myslenie je u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 sam\u00e9 o\u00a0sebe, no av\u0161ak ak sa nakombinuje s\u00a0ostatn\u00fdmi tromi zru\u010dnos\u0165ami, ni\u010d nie je pre \u0161tudenta nemo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Kreativita<\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u2013 zru\u010dnos\u0165 myslie\u0165 mimo zau\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch vzorcov<\/p>\n

      O\u00a0kreativite sa \u010dasto traduje myln\u00e1 predstava \u2013 \u201ebu\u010f ju m\u00e1\u0161, alebo ju nem\u00e1\u0161\u201c. \u0160tudenti sa m\u00f4\u017eu v\u017edy nau\u010di\u0165, ako by\u0165 kreat\u00edvnymi v\u00a0rie\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mov, vo vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed syst\u00e9mov, alebo jednoducho sk\u00fasi\u0165 nie\u010do, \u010do pred t\u00fdm nerobili. To neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd \u0161tudent bude umelec alebo spisovate\u013e. Ide o\u00a0to, \u017ee kreat\u00edvny \u0161tudent sa dok\u00e1\u017ee pozrie\u0165 na probl\u00e9m z\u00a0r\u00f4znych poh\u013eadov a\u00a0perspekt\u00edv, ktor\u00e9 ostatn\u00ed \u013eudia nevidia. Kreativita dovo\u013euje \u0161tudentom uchopi\u0165 ich siln\u00e9 str\u00e1nky a\u00a0tvorivo ich aplikova\u0165 od ve\u013ek\u00fdch projektov a\u017e po mikromana\u017ement. U\u010d\u00ed ich vyjadri\u0165 sa v\u00a0zdravom a\u00a0produkt\u00edvnom rozmere. \u010co je e\u0161te d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie, \u0161tudenti s\u00fa motivovan\u00ed zdie\u013ea\u0165 svoju kreativitu s\u00a0ostatn\u00fdmi. Spolu s\u00a0kritick\u00fdm myslen\u00edm je n\u00e1kazliv\u00e1. Jeden \u0161tudent zist\u00ed inovat\u00edvnu formu rie\u0161enia probl\u00e9mu, zdie\u013ea ju s\u00a0druh\u00fdm a\u00a0ten je in\u0161pirovan\u00fd, aby sk\u00fasil nie\u010do podobn\u00e9. To samozrejme neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 kreat\u00edvne rie\u0161enie bude ma\u0165 \u00faspech. Bude sa st\u00e1va\u0165, \u017ee \u0161tudenti v\u00a0niektorom bode zlyhaj\u00fa a\u00a0niektor\u00e9 ich n\u00e1pady nebud\u00fa fungova\u0165. To je v\u0161etko v\u00a0poriadku. Zmysel kreativity je povzbudi\u0165 \u0161tudentov myslie\u0165 inak, ako si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa konvencie. Nemusia automaticky robi\u0165 veci tak, ako sa robili pred t\u00fdm. M\u00f4\u017eu vymyslie\u0165 lep\u0161iu cestu. Kreativita funguje e\u0161te lep\u0161ie, ke\u010f sa kombinuje s\u00a0\u010fal\u0161ou zru\u010dnos\u0165ou 21. storo\u010dia.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Kooper\u00e1cia<\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u2013 zru\u010dnos\u0165 spolupracova\u0165 na dosiahnut\u00ed spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho cie\u013ea<\/p>\n

        Kooper\u00e1cia je ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1, preto\u017ee \u010di si to \u0161tudenti uvedomuj\u00fa, alebo nie, po zvy\u0161ok svojho \u017eivota bud\u00fa spolupracova\u0165 s\u00a0in\u00fdmi \u013eu\u010fmi. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 pracovn\u00e1 poz\u00edcia a\u00a0poslanie si vy\u017eaduje v\u00a0istom bode kooper\u00e1ciu s\u00a0druh\u00fdmi, aj ke\u010f sa jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0jednoduch\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti. Tr\u00e9novanie t\u00edmovej pr\u00e1ce pom\u00e1ha \u0161tudentom pomenova\u0165 probl\u00e9m, h\u013eada\u0165 rie\u0161enia a\u00a0rozhodn\u00fa\u0165 sa pre najlep\u0161iu mo\u017en\u00fa cestu. \u0160tudenti si v\u010faka nej uvedomia, \u017ee ostatn\u00ed \u013eudia nemaj\u00fa rovnak\u00e9 poh\u013eady na vec, ako maj\u00fa oni. V\u00a0skuto\u010dnosti, \u010d\u00edm viac musia kooperova\u0165, t\u00fdm viac objavuj\u00fa vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9 rozdielnosti. Toto m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 dve reakcie. M\u00f4\u017ee ich to bu\u010f odradi\u0165, preto\u017ee zistia, \u017ee \u013eudia s\u00a0nimi \u010dasto nes\u00fahlasia. Na druhej strane, m\u00f4\u017ee im to doda\u0165 odvahu vyjadri\u0165 sa, preto\u017ee zistia, \u017ee prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa do ka\u017edej konverz\u00e1cie nie\u010do unik\u00e1tne. U\u010dite\u013e by mal docieli\u0165, aby sa jeho \u0161tudenti na kooper\u00e1ciu pozerali pr\u00e1ve z\u00a0tohto poh\u013eadu. \u0160tudenti sa u\u010dia, \u017ee m\u00f4\u017eu nahlas poveda\u0165, \u010do si myslia. S\u00a0t\u00fdm prich\u00e1dza aj to, \u017ee ostatn\u00ed s\u00a0nimi m\u00f4\u017eu nes\u00fahlasi\u0165, ale je to v\u00a0poriadku.<\/p>\n

        \u00a0<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Komunik\u00e1cia<\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u2013 zru\u010dnos\u0165 vyjadri\u0165 my\u0161lienky r\u00fdchlo a jasne.<\/p>\n

          Nach\u00e1dzame sa v\u00a0dobe, v\u00a0ktorej je komunik\u00e1cia \u010dasto p\u00edsomn\u00e1 (sms, email, soci\u00e1lne m\u00e9di\u00e1) a\u00a0pre \u0161tudentov nebolo nikdy tak\u00e9 \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 vyjadri\u0165 svoje my\u0161lienky sp\u00f4sobom, aby im ostatn\u00ed rozumeli. P\u00edsomnej komunik\u00e1cii ch\u00fdba neverb\u00e1lna zlo\u017eka, ktor\u00e1 je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1 k\u00a0pochopeniu kontextu slov druh\u00e9ho \u010dloveka. \u0160tudenti sa potrebuj\u00fa samozrejme u\u010di\u0165 aj efekt\u00edvnej verb\u00e1lnej komunik\u00e1cii, hovori\u0165 priamo o\u00a0my\u0161lienke, sledova\u0165 posluch\u00e1\u010dov a\u00a0reflektova\u0165 ich porozumenie. Vedie\u0165 pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 svoje publikum, \u010di to s\u00fa dvaja \u013eudia alebo cel\u00e1 s\u00e1la. \u0160tudenti sa neust\u00e1le u\u010dia vyjadrova\u0165 svoje my\u0161lienky efekt\u00edvne. M\u00f4\u017eu to tr\u00e9nova\u0165 v\u017edy a\u00a0v\u0161ade, ich publikum m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 dokonca aj rodina po\u010das \u0161tedrove\u010dern\u00e9ho stola. \u00daspe\u0161n\u00ed \u0161tudenti vedia zjednodu\u0161i\u0165 svoje my\u0161lienky a\u00a0urobi\u0165 pozit\u00edvny dojem na svoje publikum. Napriek tomu je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 poveda\u0165, \u017ee zru\u010dnos\u0165 komunik\u00e1cie nie je dosta\u010duj\u00faca bez predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich troch spom\u00ednan\u00fdch zru\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

          Ako podporova\u0165 k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 kompetencie vo svojich triedach?<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

          KRITICK\u00c9 MYSLENIE<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Za\u010dnite hodinu ot\u00e1zkou a\u00a0vysvetlite \u0161tudentom, ako t\u00e1to hodina bude rie\u0161i\u0165 dan\u00fa ot\u00e1zku.<\/li>\n
          • Dovo\u013ete \u0161tudentom s\u00a0vami nes\u00fahlasi\u0165, samozrejme, ak vyjadruj\u00fa nes\u00fahlas re\u0161pektuj\u00facim sp\u00f4sobom.<\/li>\n
          • V\u010dle\u0148te do vyu\u010dovania inform\u00e1cie zo \u017eivota tvojich \u0161tudentov. M\u00f4\u017eete hovori\u0165 o\u00a0klimatickej zmene, vo\u013eb\u00e1ch, poskytn\u00fa\u0165 im mo\u017enos\u0165 zmeni\u0165 podmienky v\u00a0\u0161kole.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            KREATIVITA<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Prezentujte \u0161tudentom komplexn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00fa kreat\u00edvne rie\u0161enie, nep\u00fdtajte sa ich jednoduch\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, ktor\u00e9 pon\u00fakaj\u00fa automatick\u00e9 odpovede.<\/li>\n
            • Dovo\u013ete \u0161tudentom pohybova\u0165 sa po\u010das vyu\u010dovania a\u00a0podporte ich, aby sk\u00fa\u0161ali r\u00f4zne met\u00f3dy u\u010denia sa, napr\u00edklad tr\u00e1vte \u010das vonku a\u00a0diskutujte o\u00a0biol\u00f3gii, hrajte basketbal, aby ste demon\u0161trovali fyziku.<\/li>\n
            • Rad\u0161ej ako pracovn\u00e9 listy, dajte \u0161tudentom projekt. Dovo\u013ete im pracova\u0165 na vlastn\u00fdch projektoch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              KOOPER\u00c1CIA<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Dajte \u0161tudentom ve\u013ea mo\u017enost\u00ed spolupracova\u0165, spolo\u010dne pracova\u0165 na projektoch.<\/li>\n
              • Podporte \u0161tudentov, aby rie\u0161ili konflikty bez v\u00e1s, ale dajte im z\u00e1rove\u0148 podporu a\u00a0zdroje, aby dosiahli cie\u013e. Pon\u00faknite im tipy, ot\u00e1zky, bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 miesto na diskusiu a\u00a0nes\u00fahlas.<\/li>\n
              • Povzbudzujte \u0161tudentov spolupracova\u0165 aj mimo triedy. M\u00f4\u017eu urobi\u0165 rozhovor s\u00a0expertom na dan\u00fa t\u00e9mu? Pracova\u0165 so s\u00farodencom, aby vyrie\u0161ili rodinn\u00fa v\u00fdzvu? Vyjedn\u00e1va\u0165 s\u00a0mamou alebo otcom, aby sa zmenili rodinn\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                KOMUNIK\u00c1CIA<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • U\u010dte komunika\u010dn\u00e9 strat\u00e9gie \u00a0ako vyjedn\u00e1vanie, ospravedlnenie, efekt\u00edvnu obhajobu. \u0160tudenti musia experimentova\u0165 s\u00a0chybou. Poskytnite im bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 prostredie, aby sa nau\u010dili zvl\u00e1da\u0165 konflikty.<\/li>\n
                • Podporte \u0161tudentov, aby boli zapojen\u00ed v\u00a0komunitn\u00fdch projektoch. Ak je to vhodn\u00e9, podporte \u0161tudentov, aby i\u0161li za veden\u00edm a\u00a0zdie\u013eali svoje my\u0161lienky, aby sa akt\u00edvne podie\u013eali na prostred\u00ed, v\u00a0ktorom \u017eij\u00fa.<\/li>\n
                • U\u010dte \u0161tudentov vhodn\u00e9mu sp\u00f4sobu komunik\u00e1cie v\u00a0triede, bez sk\u00e1kania do re\u010di, aby boli v\u00a0rozhovore priate\u013esk\u00fd a\u00a0stru\u010dn\u00fd a\u00a0aby sa navz\u00e1jom po\u010d\u00favali.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Na z\u00e1ver je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 poveda\u0165, \u017ee \u00faspe\u0161n\u00ed \u0161tudenti pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v\u0161etky \u0161tyri zru\u010dnosti spolo\u010dne.\u00a0Kritick\u00e9 myslenie<\/strong>\u00a0u\u010d\u00ed \u0161tudentov overova\u0165 tvrdenia a\u00a0h\u013eada\u0165 pravdu.\u00a0Kreativita<\/strong>\u00a0u\u010d\u00ed \u0161tudentov myslie\u0165 sp\u00f4sobom, ktor\u00fd je pre nich jedine\u010dn\u00fd.\u00a0Kooper\u00e1cia<\/strong>\u00a0u\u010d\u00ed \u0161tudentov, \u017ee skupina dok\u00e1\u017ee vytvori\u0165 nie\u010do v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie a\u00a0lep\u0161ie ako ke\u010f robia len samostatne.\u00a0Komunik\u00e1cia<\/strong>\u00a0u\u010d\u00ed \u0161tudentov ako efekt\u00edvne vyjadri\u0165 svoje my\u0161lienky.<\/p>\n

                  Kombin\u00e1cia t\u00fdchto zru\u010dnost\u00ed sp\u00f4sob\u00ed, \u017ee \u0161tudenti dok\u00e1\u017ee \u010doko\u013evek !<\/p>\n

                  pre Pronea<\/p>\n

                  Petra Kalo\u010dayov\u00e1<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  V pr\u00fade sveta, v\u00a0ktorom sa na n\u00e1s val\u00ed ve\u013ea r\u00f4znorod\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed sa \u010dasto c\u00edtime pod tlakom. \u013dahko by sa mohlo sta\u0165, \u017ee zabudneme na skuto\u010dn\u00fd zmysel vzdel\u00e1vania. Ke\u010f precitneme, v\u017edy si uvedom\u00edme, \u017ee dobr\u00e9 vzdel\u00e1vanie je v\u00a0prvom rade o\u00a0tom, aby sme \u0161tudentov pripravili na ka\u017edodenn\u00fd \u017eivot. Ak chceme pripravi\u0165 \u0161tudentov na \u017eivot v\u00a021.storo\u010d\u00ed, potrebujeme im…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":237617,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-237613","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezaradene"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pronea.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/237613","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pronea.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pronea.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pronea.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pronea.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=237613"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pronea.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/237613\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":242665,"href":"https:\/\/pronea.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/237613\/revisions\/242665"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pronea.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/237617"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pronea.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=237613"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pronea.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=237613"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pronea.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=237613"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}